Differences between pre-contact and post-contact plant use and the explanation of apparent subsistence changes have been the main focus of the ethnobotanical research discussed here. However, it is also important to establish as complete a reconstruction as possible of plant use during the Occaneechi occupation of the Fredricks site. Using the excavated ethnobotanical data as well as information about contemporary vegetation and historical sources, the pattern of plant use and plant management by the Occaneechi can be outlined. Two basic parameters of plant resource use will be used to orient this discussion, namely spatial and temporal variation in resource occurrence and human responses to them.